# How a team that cannot communicate learns its own state from an opponent's reactions

- Source: arXiv cs.RO
- Published: 2026-11-02T05:00:00.000Z
- RoboHot: https://robohot.news/en/items/mbqdka54mli42qun62aebfnsn
- Original: https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40835

## Summary

A game theory and multi-agent study proposes that a team unable to communicate can learn information no single member can see by reading the opponent's reaction to the group as a whole (a tell); one tell can substitute for messaging among all members. In a solved Gaussian model, the team obtains the truth by committing not to use all of the information, and retains the hidden cost the opponent would have paid; an exact test can determine when this conclusion holds in finite games. The study also analyzes how trust is allocated, noting that two interchangeable members responding in different ways can substitute for a single member's private random source.