# Facultative Swarming: A Capability, Not a Category, for Multi-Robot Systems

- Source: arXiv cs.RO
- Published: 2026-10-26T04:00:00.000Z
- RoboHot: https://robohot.news/en/items/no9j0p8kve0amzbpk7buraco9
- Original: https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32526

## Summary

This research proposes a unified control framework that shifts multi-robot systems from "obligate swarms" constrained to pure self-organization toward "facultative swarms"—hybrid architectures that operate with centralized planning when conditions are permissive and degrade smoothly into decentralized swarming under environmental stress. The authors argue for redefining swarming behavior as a dynamic capability rather than a fixed system category, thereby exploiting centralized optimality when conditions allow and the flexibility of self-organization when they do not.