Study: Effects of haptic feedback on operator cognition and behavior in ROV teleoperation
A study accepted to IEEE Telepresence 2026 had ROVs face controlled cross-currents in in-water experiments, conveying environmental information to operators through a soft vibrating haptic touchpad. Results showed that encountering an unforeseen cross-current significantly increased operators' physical and temporal demand, and haptic feedback mitigated these burdens and improved self-assessed performance, but also brought the highest mental demand and frustration; nevertheless, operators drove the ROV significantly faster under the haptic condition than under the current-information-only condition.