FHNW Muttenz dataset: assessing the accuracy potential of street-level visual localization

The authors release the FHNW Muttenz dataset, covering a contiguous 10 km street network and two mobile mapping campaigns about 1.5 years apart, with ground-truth poses accurate to 6-9 mm in position and orientation error below 0.1°. Using this dataset, they systematically evaluate sparse-feature visual localization; with daytime imagery and pre-calibrated cameras, median translation error is 1-5 cm and rotation error is 0.03-0.1°. The authors note that, provided the scene representation is precisely georeferenced, visual localization can approach survey-grade GNSS positioning accuracy and additionally provides full orientation information.