Open X-Embodiment and RT-X: A Practical Guide to Cross-Embodiment Transfer for Large-Model Robot Policies
This article provides a systematic walkthrough of cross-embodiment transfer practice with Open X-Embodiment and RT-X, covering RLDS data-format unification, the RT-X model architecture, pretraining, fine-tuning, and deployment on new robots. It presents RLDS conversion scripts, a PyTorch implementation of an RT-1-based model, and training techniques such as temperature sampling and embodiment-weighted loss, and it documents six categories of pitfalls, including slow data loading, poor cross-embodiment performance, and action-space mismatch, along with corresponding solutions.